Raghu Murtugudde gave invited talks on “Optimal Physics for Actionable Climate Information,” at the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Goa, India (NIO), January 2 and ‘Do we really understand ENSO?’ on January 3. On January 6 he talked about “From the Big Bang to the Cooperative Species” at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune.
![Satellite seasonal temperature difference maps indicate how the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem and its organisms may respond to the temperature changes. Here, the maps show warmer than average water temperatures from January through March 2020, cooler than average from April through June, near average July through September, and slightly warmer than average October through December. The long-term baseline is from the years 2008-2019.]](https://essic.umd.edu/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/rv-chesapeake2-150x150.jpg)